Pennsylvania Land Cover, 2000

• Identification_Information
• Data_Quality_Information
• Spatial_Data_Organization_Information
• Spatial_Reference_Information
• Entity_and_Attribute_Information
• Distribution_Information
• Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator:The Pennsylvania State University

Publication_Date:200305

Title:

Pennsylvania Land Cover, 2000

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form:raster digital data

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place:University Park, PA

Publisher:Penn State University

Online_Linkage: ftp://www.pasda.psu.edu/pub/pasda/orser/psu-palulc_2000.zip

Description:

Abstract:

PALULC2000 is a statewide land cover map generated from Enhanced Thematic Mapper satellite data and three other ancillary data sources.  It is an update to the MRLC data layer produced for the state in 1992.

Purpose:

State wide land cover will provide a reference for current land use status in the state for tracking changes in urban land as well as serving as an input for hydrologic and non-point pollution modeling and assessment.

Supplemental_Information:

ESRI GRID format layers have been zip compressed to retain directory structure.  After downloading file, unzip using the 'retain directory structure' option in your unzip utility.  This will create a directory under the current directory named with the grid name, i.e. palulc2000.  This directory will contain the GRID layer.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date:1999

Ending_Date:2002

Currentness_Reference:

ground condition

Status:

Progress:Complete

Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency:None planned

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -80.627750

East_Bounding_Coordinate: -74.534949

North_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.317831

South_Bounding_Coordinate: 39.640423

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus:ISO 19115 Topic Categories

Theme_Keyword:Land Use/Land Cover

Theme_Keyword:Imagery/Base Maps/Earth Cover

Access_Constraints:None

Use_Constraints:

For educational/demonstration purposes only. The Originator, Publisher and Distributor exclude any and all implied warranties and make no warranty or representation with respect to the data files or accompanying documentation, including quality, performance, merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. These data files and documentation are provided 'as is' and the User assumes the entire risk as to their quality and performance.
These data are not to be redistributed for commercial profit. Reproduction or redistribution of this digital data set without permission of the Originator/Publisher is expressly forbidden. The Originator and Publisher should be clearly cited in any product derived from this data. Any modifications to this data must be described in any digital or hardcopy product derived from this data.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person:Dr. Eric D. Warner

Contact_Organization:Office for Remote Sensing of Earth Resources, Penn State University

Contact_Position:Research Associate

Contact_Voice_Telephone:814-863-3531

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone:814-865-3378

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address:edw103@psu.edu

Data_Quality_Information:

Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Quantitative_Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Value:30 meters

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Explanation:

Spatial accuracy varies over extent of coverage, 30 meters is an average error

Lineage:

Source_Information:

Type_of_Source_Media:Enhanced Thematic Mapper Satellite Data

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date:1999

Ending_Date:2002

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

The land use information  was generated from a combination of satellite and vector ancillary data.

Data Layers

Imagery from the Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM) instrument, carried on the Landsat 7 platform, served as the primary data source for the land use interpretation.  10 ETM scenes cover Pennsylvania completely, with overlap into neighboring states.  ETM scenes are referenced based on a global system whereby each location on earth has a unique path and row identification number. To provide spectral contrast between differing land uses, two ETM scenes were sought for each path and row area in thestate.  The scenes were chosen to capture conditions approximately in early to mid-autumnand mid-summer.  The actual scenes purchased were sometimes outside these windows due to cloud cover.  Cloudiness also made it necessary to acquire data over a three year period.  Path/Row and dates of the images used in the interpretation are as follows;

Path/Row    Date
14/31	   6/11/2002
14/31	   9/12/2001
14/32	   7/5/1999
14/32	   9/12/2001
15/31	   7/28/1999
15/31	   11/10/2001
15/32	   8/2/2001
15/32	   11/17/1999
16/31	   7/5/2000
16/31	   8/25/2001
16/32	   8/4/1999
16/32	   9/7/2000
17/31	   6/13/2001
17/31	   9/17/2001
17/32	   6/10/2000
17/32	   9/17/2001
18/31	   8/7/2001
18/31	   9/8/2001
18/32	   7/6/2001
18/32	   9/8/2001

Typical of spectrally based land cover classifications, there was noticeable
confusion between certain groups.  To sove some of this ambiguity, ancillary
data layers were incorporated into the land cover mapping process.  Data layers
incorporated into the land cover classification include:

1997 GAP Urban Classification Layer 
1992 MRLC Classification

Land Cover Mapping Process

1. All ETM images were classified using Dr. Wayne Myer's, Professor of Forestry, Penn State Univ.,  PSISCAN program into 250 groups, forming a single band image.  The single band classified images were also used to create color renderings which were used as backdrops during the visual interpretation    process.  The visual interpretation yielded land use codes for each of the 250 groups composing a single image. 
   Coding including a single numeric code indicating the land use most frequently represented by a group and and a multi-integer  code indicative of all land uses included in a group.  Some of the 250 groups had only single integer codes if they were completely unique.

2. After the initial interpretation, land cover classifications were 
   assembled for each path and row area based on codings from two dates
   of imagery.  Comparisons were made between dates of imagery to determine
   which were best for classifying individual land uses or if the combination of dates 
   provided the best accuracy.  Having two dates of imagery also allowed 
   for clouded areas to assume the code of the second date.

3. The coding in #2 was modified with the GAP urban classification layer,
   which was used to classify areas into either low or high intensity uses.  Locations
   that were classified as grass in the initial classification were left that
   way, as fields, parks and large lawns commonly occur in urban areas.

4. Once the urban classification was complete, north/south neighboring image
   areas (image areas with the same path but different row) were merged.  These
   merged layers were compared with neighboring land cover layers
   to identify discrepancies in the classification process.

5. The 1992 MRLC interpretation was used to assign land use codes in four situations;
   a. Areas that were cloudy during both image dates for a row/path location, 
       were coded from the 1992 MRLC data.  Areas cloudy in both images 
       comprised only 0.000001% of the land area in the state.
   b. The wetland groups were taken from the MRLC data.  The classification
      of wetlands is not very reliable using spectral information only.  Further
      based on the regulatory goal of zero wetland loss, the area of wetlands 
      should be very close to that seen in 1992.
c.  Quarry areas and coal mines were assgined from the 1992 MRLC as their 
     extents have not changed much.  Coal mine boundaries could have been
     assigned from a polygon coverage available from the Bureau of Mines.  It
     was decided not to use the information as comparison of the MRLC and mine
     boundaries found poor agreement.  Had the polygon infromation been used, 
    comparison of the MRLC and the new land use would have generated
    misleading 
    statistics about the status of mining in Pennsylvania.
d. Locations identified as water in the MRLC data were also coded
     water in the new image.  Consistency in the mapping of water removes 
    unlikely land conversion that would be identified through comparison of
    the 1992 and 2001 land use data sets.  Differences in mapping water can
    result from slight misregistration errors, changes in water level, and confusion
    with other land use groups.

6. The original MRLC coding was modified so that some groups were not used, these
     included;
   
   probable row crops
   beach areas

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method:Raster

Raster_Object_Information:

Raster_Object_Type:Grid Cell

Row_Count:9730

Column_Count:16752

Vertical_Count:1

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Planar:

Map_Projection:

Map_Projection_Name:Albers Conical Equal Area

Albers_Conical_Equal_Area:

Albers Conical Equal Area

Standard_Parallel:40.000000

Standard_Parallel:42.000000

Longitude_of_Central_Meridian:-78.000000

Latitude_of_Projection_Origin:39.000000

False_Easting:0.000000

False_Northing:0.000000

Planar_Coordinate_Information:

Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method:row and column

Coordinate_Representation:

Abscissa_Resolution:30.000000

Ordinate_Resolution:30.000000

Planar_Distance_Units:meters

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name:North American Datum of 1927

Ellipsoid_Name:Clarke 1866

Semi-major_Axis:6378206.400000

Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio:294.978698

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: palu01new

Attribute:

Attribute_Label:ObjectID

Attribute_Definition:

Internal feature number.

Attribute_Definition_Source:

ESRI

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label:Value

Attribute_Definition:

Lanc Dover Classification Code

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value:1

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Water

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value:2

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Low Density Urban

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value:3

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

High Density Urban

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value:4

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Hay Pasture

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value:5

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Row Crops

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value:6

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Probably Row Crops

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value:7

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Coniferous Forest

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value:8

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Mixed Forest

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value:9

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Deciduous Forest

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value:10

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Woody Wetland

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value:11

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Emergent Wetland

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value:12

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Quarries

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value:13

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Coal Mines

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value:14

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Beach

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value:15

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Transitional

Attribute:

Attribute_Label:Count

Attribute:

Attribute_Label:Red

Attribute:

Attribute_Label:Green

Attribute:

Attribute_Label:Blue

Overview_Description:

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization:Pennsylvania Spatial Data Access (PASDA)

Contact_Address:

Address_Type:mailing address

Address:

115 Land and Water building

City:University Park

State_or_Province:Pennsylvania

Postal_Code:16802

Country:United States

Contact_Voice_Telephone:(814) 865 - 8792

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address:pasda@psu.edu

Resource_Description:downloadabledata

Distribution_Liability:

The USER shall indemnify, save harmless, and, if requested, defend those parties involved with the development and distribution of this data, their officers, agents, and employees from and against any suits, claims, or actions for injury, death, or property damage arising out of the use of or any defect in the FILES or any accompanying documentation. Those parties involved with the development and distribution excluded any and all implied warranties, including warranties or merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose and makes no warranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the FILES or accompanying documentation, including its quality, performance, merchantability, or fitness for a particular purpose. The FILES and documentation are provided "as is" and the USER assumes the entire risk as to its quality and performance. Those parties involved with the development and distribution of this data will not be liable for any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages arising out of the use or inability to use the FILES or any accompanying documentation.

Standard_Order_Process:

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Format_Name:ARCG

Format_Information_Content:

ESRI GRID format layers have been zip compressed to retain directory structure.  After downloading file, unzip using the 'retain directory structure' option in your unzip utility.  This will create a directory under the current directory named with the grid name, i.e. pa1985isaa_ne.  This directory will contain the GRID layer.

File_Decompression_Technique:zip

Transfer_Size:59.505

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date:20060220

Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization:Pennsylvania Spatial Data Access (PASDA)

Contact_Address:

Address_Type:mailing address

Address:

115 Land and Water building

City:University Park

State_or_Province:Pennsylvania

Postal_Code:16802

Country:United States

Contact_Voice_Telephone:814-865-8792

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address:pasda@psu.edu

Metadata_Standard_Name:FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata

Metadata_Standard_Version:FGDC-STD-001-1998

Metadata_Time_Convention:local time

Metadata_Extensions:

Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html

Profile_Name:ESRI Metadata Profile

Metadata_Extensions:

Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html

Profile_Name:ESRI Metadata Profile

Metadata_Extensions:

Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html

Profile_Name:ESRI Metadata Profile

Metadata_Extensions:

Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html

Profile_Name:ESRI Metadata Profile